(economics) economic thought in which one applies moral beliefs, or judgment, claiming that an outcome is "good" or "bad". For example: "this tax on cigarettes will be good because it will reduce smoking."

(ethics) A branch of ethics concerned with classifying actions as right and wrong, attempting to develop a set of rules governing human conduct, or a set of norms for action.

(fuzzy logic) A mathematical function T: [0, 1] × [0, 1] → [0, 1] that is commutative, associative, monotonic, and the number 1 acts as identity element, that is T(a, 1) = a.

(mathematics) A norm of an ordinary Euclidean space, for which the Pythagorean theorem holds, defined by |x|=√

(business) backcasting; planning ahead by starting from a future goal and working backwards through the necessary steps

(linguistics) An orthographic and oral norm for the Occitan language.

(mathematics) In the field of additive combinatorics, a class of norms on functions on a finite group or group-like object which quantify the amount of structure or randomness present.

(philosophy) A statement expressing a value judgment answering the question of what ought to be, as opposed to what there is.

(number theory) A p-adic absolute value, for a given prime number p, the function, denoted |..|ₚ and defined on the rational numbers, such that |0|ₚ = 0 and, for x≠0, |x|ₚ = p^(-ordₚ(x)), where ordₚ(x) is the p-adic ordinal of x; the same function, extended to the p-adic numbers ℚₚ (the completion of the rational numbers with respect to the p-adic ultrametric defined by said absolute value); the same function, further extended to some extension of ℚₚ (for example, its algebraic closure).

plural of semi-norm