(obsolete) philosophical speculation and discussion

plural of philosophation

plural of philosophizing

plural of philosophization

plural of philosophism

(alchemy, uncountable) A supposed substance able to turn base metals, such as lead or mercury, into gold or silver, also sometimes claimed to cure any illness (as panacea) or confer immortality (as elixir of life), among other functions.

A very wise ruler.

Alternative form of philosopher's stone.

A method used by philosophers involving such elements as skepticism and methodic doubt, argumentation, and presentation of arguments for criticism by other philosophers.

(historical) A game similar to chess, played on an oblong board with round, triangular and square pieces.