Alternative spelling of 難波 (Naniwa): an old placename for the region now known as 大阪 (Ōsaka, “Osaka”) / Short for 浪速区 (Naniwa-ku): one of the twenty-four wards of Osaka / a surname / a male given name

middle age

foul stench

moisture, damp, wetness / richness, warmth / blessing, grace