(Classical Japanese, archaic) Attaches to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of verbs to form the negative conjunctive, equivalent to the modern ないで (-naide) or ずに (-zuni).

(chiefly business) operation (method or practice) / Especially, synonym of 公開市場操作 (kōkai shijō sōsa, “open market operation”)

bittern: the liquor remaining after halite (common salt) has been harvested from saline water (brine), used as a coagulating agent in the manufacture of tofu

稍: slightly