to polish / study of ... / to sharpen / inkstone / a surname

The katakana syllable ロ (ro). Its equivalent in hiragana is ろ (ro). It is the forty-third syllable in the gojūon order; its position is ラ行オ段 (ra-gyō o-dan, “row ra, section o”).

旧弊: old-fashioned, antiquated

(literally) a red lotus bloom / crimson