hold back

verb

(idiomatic, intransitive) To act with reserve; to contain one's full measure or power. / (idiomatic, transitive) To contain; stop.

I had to hold back my tears when I heard the sad news.

意味（1）

(idiomatic, intransitive) To act with reserve; to contain one's full measure or power.

Don't hold back. Hit it as hard as you can.

意味（2）

(idiomatic, transitive) To contain; stop.

The dam can't hold back that much water.

意味（3）

(idiomatic, transitive) To delay the progress of, especially in school.

He's a year older than his classmates, because he was held back in second grade.