[E]ach tower, except those at Santandria and Sargantana Island, had a machicolation over the entrance. In the larger towers this machicolation was supported by five or more corbels while the smaller towers had a smaller machicolation supported by four corbels.

The studies were divided into three branches. First, the grammata, which included reading, writing, and arithmetic; secondly, music; and thirdly, gymnastics.

Internal herniation of contents within a peritoneal sac of the right paramesocolic hernia formed abdominal cocoon which simulated volvulus neonatorum.

In the morning the rare luxury of a turkish bath relieved them of some of their soreness as well as the dirt and the fleas they had acquired, and with fresh horses and clear sunny weather, which at this altitude was cheering rather than oppressive, they rode for a few hours, stopping briefly at a derbend, a kind of halfway house, to devour a stuffed lamb the tartar had bought en route.