An orange with the pulp removed and replaced by spices and perfumes seems to have been sometimes used as a pomander, and Cardinal [Thomas] Wolsey is spoken of as holding one to his nose while passing among a crowd of suitors.

There never was a time when men of thought did not spring up among the primitive millions. Barbaric instincts are constantly recurring to perplex and shock the sensibilities of the ultrarefined, and primitive specimens of humanity float like waifs on the surface of our civilization till borne beneath the current, or wrecked on its shores. All grades of intellectual development that have ever existed exist today somewhere on the face of the earth.

This river also as the two former, is replenished with fish and foule.

The next few years saw increasing tension between those wishing to develop this conciliar mechanism and successive popes seeking to build on the papacy's newly restored integrity.