All these, as I have before said, have one and the same immediate origin, the inserted marginale. But that marginale itself may be due to three sources; first, a mere editor’s quotation for reference; secondly, a various reading; and thirdly, a double text which, as I hold, in most cases has grown out of the various readings of antiquity systematised by rival schools. It is these last two classes of marginalia which naturally and necessarily occur most frequently when the text is originally in a corrupt state, and by their subsequent inclusion in the text render the confusion worse confounded.