The whole problem turned around a detailed understanding of the so-called Wolffian body, what modern textbooks in embryology designate as the pronephron and its associated Wolffian or pronephric ducts.

Two years ago, Bezos was the only “centibillionaire” on earth — the trendy neologism for people whose wealth exceeds $100 billion. Now there are five — in addition to Bezos, there’s Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg, Elon Musk and Bernard Arnault, the French luxury tycoon.

Although speculative, several observations favor this hypothesis, including the overexpression of Cyclin D1 and c-MYC before dysplasia even occurs [16,17] and the transcriptional regulation of intestinal markers by β-catenin activity [18,19], along with the efficiency of Wnt signaling to intestinalize human esophageal keratinocytes in vitro [20] .

“What’s behind this is the mass consumerization of health information,” said Dr. David J. Brailer, the former health information technology coordinator in the Bush administration, who now heads a firm that invests in health ventures.