For instance, gradual change is relatively common in vertebrates (about .08 darwins), though some rapidly evolving vertebrates lineages show rates as high as 10 darwins, over short periods.

It can be used to analyze the biological differences in WUE among species and varieties, providing the theoretical basis for using the molecular biotechnique to increase the WUE of crop varieties.

Edgar pulled the trigger on what was supposed to be a prop gun, and killed Jackson almost instantly. The reporter of the article theorized the prop gun must have been switched with a real gun.

After ELF-EMF exposure for 3 days, the cells were loaded with HEPES-buffered salt solution (HBSS) containing Fura 2-AM (5 μM, Dojindo, Japan) and 0.01% pluronic acid-127 (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) for 45 min at 37°C and then incubated in fresh HBSS for another 30 min to allow deesterification of the Fura-2 AM. Next, the cells were exposed to the 1 mT ELF-EMF for 30 min, and then the intracellular calcium was immediately measured using an Infinite M200 Microplate Reader (TECAN, Austria).