TLR4 signaling promotes elastinolysis by mediating MMP-2 production in VSMCs. In addition, TLR4 is essential in maintenance of the basal IL-6 and MCP-1 expression in VSMCs [27 ], and contributes to a proinflammatory phenotype in VSMCs under stimulation.

However, as far as we are aware, this is the first report to develop a novel morphologic classification system of the choroid and apply it to the major pachychoroidopathies.

Yet the Kyoto Protocol's most enduring legacy may be a uniquely American idea - that emissions trading can help control heat-trapping gases at low cost.

I became a native of Romancelandia, writing “from the heart” (as the disgruntled woman at my talk said), from my dual but not dueling hearts, simultaneously crafting academic and fiction writing about falling in love.