While they may not be able to credibly threaten to defect to centre-right parties as retribution for their party's 'treachery,' this rightward (or liberalward) shift of Social Democratic parties seems to be precipitating the exodus of traditional left-wing voters to the xenophobic parties of the far right, such as Franc's National FGront (Front National, FN) or Germany's National Democratic Party (Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands, NPD) or to far-left splinter parties, such as Germany's Labout and Social Justice — The Electoral Alternative (Arbeit und soziale Gerechtigkeit — Die Wahlalternative, WASF) and the Left Party (die Linke), which promise to uphold the social justice values that centre-left parties have 'abandoned.'