approach / near, close

you (second-person plural pronoun)

(obsolete) The hentaigana syllable that is used to represent ke in old Japanese text.

(obsolete) The hentaigana syllable that is used to represent tsu in old Japanese text.

(obsolete) The hentaigana syllable that is used to represent ya in old Japanese text.

殿: Mr., Ms., a more formal title than さん (-san) but not as respectful as 様(さま) (-sama)

どの様に: how (to what degree)

土嚢: sandbag

独活の木: Pisonia umbellifera

which (of three or more) / which one /