worldliness / vulgarity / the laity, mundane things, common man / customs

local custom, manner / the world (in general) / common / vulgar

history / the study of history

"Historical kana usage", a prescriptive method of using kana to write Japanese. Devised in the Edo period by Keichū (契沖) and taught in schools until 1946, it aims to be etymologically faithful and reflects earlier stages of the language (Heian period and earlier).

to see, to watch, to observe, to look at something / to look over, to examine, to judge / to take care of, to look after, to keep an eye on somebody

disgraceful, shameful, indecent / shabby, unsightly

grow thick and full (of plant growth) / multiply, increase

barbarian / (historical, Taiwan under Japanese rule, specifically) aboriginal

a target, a mark, a bullseye / an objective, an object (of doing something)

as far as ... is concerned; in terms of ...