following the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of a verb, indicates the state of the affixed verb or phrase: compare English just as

shape or form / shapeliness: see 形有り (katachiari) / form, as opposed to substance

shapes

三葉機: triplane

画賛, 画讃: / 臥蚕: a silkworm that is resting in preparation for moulting

三男: third son; three men

参加: participation / 酸化: oxidation, combustion / 惨禍: catastrophe, disaster / 傘下: subsidiary / 産科: obstetrics / 賛歌, 讃歌, 讚歌: song of praise, hymn, paean / 山家: mountain villa

酸化: oxidize, become oxidized / 参加: participate, join, take part

A title used after person's name (first name or surname) regardless of sex; Mr, Ms, Mrs, Miss. Also used after a job title and a company name. / (colloquial) Used after a shop name.

三人: three people