city; town

南京: a southern capital / 難境: difficult situation, difficult circumstances

historic, historical / already-happened, past / former, old, traditional

history / the study of history

difficult situation, difficult circumstances

a southern capital (formerly used to refer to the city of Nara)

"Historical kana usage", a prescriptive method of using kana to write Japanese. Devised in the Edo period by Keichū (契沖) and taught in schools until 1946, it aims to be etymologically faithful and reflects earlier stages of the language (Heian period and earlier).

Short for 中国地方 (Chūgoku chihō): the Chūgoku region of Japan

the central part of a country, historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides / something within a country

(historical or contemporary) any of several kingdoms, empires, or states of the Chinese people