(historical) Nara, as the capital of ancient Japan during most of the Nara period

alias; nickname

南都: alternate name for Heijōkyō, the capital of Japan during the Nara period. Nanto ("southern capital") is used in contrast with Hokuto ("Northern capital"), an alternate name for Heiankyō.

An interjection conveying surprise or being emotionally moved.

a southern capital, especially referring to Nara / (historical) the southern imperial court of Yoshino

southeast

tenant (one who pays a fee in return for the use of a room or shop)

南東: southeast

南投: Nantou

how; what; in what way / Used to intensify an adjective. Carries connotations of surprise or being emotionally moved: what a…; how … it is / surprisingly, to my surprise, you’ll be surprised