Japanese-language education for non-native speakers

impossible to understand, utterly confused

(non-Japanese and non-Korean grammar) an auxiliary verb

(grammar) transitive verb

下書き: rough draft of a text / 下描き: rough sketch of a drawing

under a situation

the lower portion, base / under the influence of

down; below; beneath

the lower portion, end / lowness in degree or rank / the downstream portion of a river / the downriver area / the area farther from the capital / the last part of a month, year, etc.

below / under / down / lower / beneath