a tree; more specifically, a living tree / the bent and gnarled trunk or roots of an old tree / wood, lumber / something made of wood / in ancient China, a wooden musical instrument

wither; dry up

上園: a surname

上田: a surname / 植田: a surname

therefore; for that reason; so; because of that

at best, at most

plant

(Classical Japanese, archaic) to plant, raise / (Classical Japanese, archaic) to implant, insert / (Classical Japanese, archaic) to inoculate

cinnabar / red / elixir made with cinnabar (e.g. Chinese elixir of life) / improvised medicine / devotion / Short for 丹波国 (Tanba-koku, “Tanba Province”)

the color red / red earth