(historical) wokou (pirates from a mixture of ethnicities who raided the coastlines of China and Korea from the 13th to 16th centuries)

understanding, comprehension / appreciation

to study / to learn

foe, enemy, rival / resentment, enmity, grudge / harm, injury

important, significant

importance, consequence, significance

the above / the top (position or direction) / the surface of / superior in skill, age, level, etc.

in addition; furthermore / on top of (which)

understand, comprehend / appreciate

ancient Japan