urge, stimulate, incite

critical comment / (education) mark of grade on school results

stern, grave, forbidding; dignified, stately / strict, unforgiving / tight, close, without gaps / harsh, tough, extreme, severe, hard to withstand (said of natural phenomena)

(rare, archaic) wondrous, miraculous, splendid, sublime / (rare, archaic) dignified, solemn, stern, noble, refined / (rare, archaic) beautiful, pretty

the way in which something is tightly packed or close together without gaps

an elder / a scholar / a teacher or a professor / sensei (Japanese martial arts teacher) / sir, a polite form of address to teachers, doctors, etc.

a title used after the name of teachers, doctors, lawyers, or certain other professionals

(dialect, Hakata) teacher, professor

growth; maturation

grow / grow up, become big