(history, government) the Six Guards since the early Heian period (左近衛府 (Sakon'efu, “Left Bodyguard”), 右近衛府 (Ukon'efu, “Right Bodyguard”), 左衛門府 (Saemonfu, “Left Gate Guard”), 右衛門府 (Uemonfu, “Right Gate Guard”), 左兵衛府 (Sahyōefu, “Left Soldier Guard”) and 右兵衛府 (Uhyōefu, “Right Soldier Guard”))

(history, government) a 律令 (Ritsuryō) imperial guard squad

understanding, comprehension / appreciation

to study / to learn

important, significant

importance, consequence, significance

(history, government) the Five Guards under the 大宝令 (Taihōryō, “Taihō Code”) (衛門府 (Emonfu, “Gate Guard”), 左衛士府 (Saejifu, “Left Guardsmen”), 右衛士府 (Uejifu, “Right Guardsmen”), 左兵衛府 (Sahyōefu, “Left Soldier Guard”) and 右兵衛府 (Uhyōefu, “Right Soldier Guard”))

the above / the top (position or direction) / the surface of / superior in skill, age, level, etc.

in addition; furthermore / on top of (which)

understand, comprehend / appreciate