Hamburg (the second-largest city in Germany) / Hamburg (a state of Germany containing the city of the same name)

Luxembourg (a country in Central Europe) / Luxembourg (the capital city of Luxembourg) / Luxembourg (a province of Wallonia, Belgium) / Luxembourg (a canton of Luxembourg)

northern part, northern area

physical evidence

gall (blister or tumor-like growth found on the surface of plants)

木炭画: charcoal drawing

小夜: small nightwear

黄立羽: an Asian comma (Polygonia c-aureum)

dedication in a book

(archaic) this way, here / (archaic) the person in question, he, she, him, her / (archaic) since (a time in the past), prior to (a time in the future) / (archaic) first-person pronoun: I, me, we, us