(linguistics) the reading of a Japanese word written in kanji that is roughly based on the pronunciation of the kanji characters in the originating Chinese dialect at the time the word was introduced into Japanese

to use the on'yomi of a word, to read a word using the pronunciation based on the original Chinese pronunciation

to make [something] / to cook / to write a literary work / to grow, to raise / to cultivate ability, to train / to draw up, form, establish / to make an acquaintance

作る: make - make a small thing, grow vegetables / 創る: create - originate, bring into existence / 造る: build, construct - build a house, or a building

(grammar) a sentence / writing / an essay or composition / a writing style

a male given name

to use / to employ / to make use of, to apply / to spend

new, novel / latest, recent / modern / fresh

(archaic) new, novel / (archaic) latest, recent / (archaic) modern / (archaic) fresh

(obsolete) Alternative spelling of 新たし (aratashi): new, novel