economic downturn, recession, depressed economy / slow business / gloom, cheerlessness

uncleanliness

father and older brother / guardian of a child or pupil

disrespect

prefectural police

(historical) castration (as a form of punishment)

legislatures of Osaka and Kyoto Prefectures and 県-type prefectures

he / distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and listener: that / boyfriend

distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and listener: that, yon / particularly, male personal third person pronoun: he / by extension from he: boyfriend

he; boyfriend