(poetry) a masculine poetic style exhibited in the 万葉集 (Man'yōshū)

smaller kanji historically used as a pronunciation guide, similar to modern furigana

(literally) the act of waving a stick / conductor (of an orchestra, etc.) / (archaic) Edo policeman

to wave a stick

(poetry) a feminine poetic style exhibited in poetry anthologies after the 古今和歌集 (Kokin Wakashū)

the act of swinging something one time / a katana

(golf) swinging with all of one's strength

Man'yōgana, the early Japanese syllabary using Chinese characters to represent Japanese sounds: the predecessor of hiragana and katakana

hentaigana: any of the hiragana made obsolete in Meiji-era reforms that enforced having one hiragana for each syllable

(orthography) the four kana pairs of じ/ジ, ず/ズ, ぢ/ヂ and づ/ヅ, the latter two of which represent historical morae that are now pronounced identically to the former two in most major dialects