a privately-owned ricefield, especially one under the historical 律令 (Ritsuryō) system

personal grudge

Kyūjitai form of 私鉄 (“private railway”)

"Historical kana usage", a prescriptive method of using kana to write Japanese. Devised in the Edo period by Keichū (契沖) and taught in schools until 1946, it aims to be etymologically faithful and reflects earlier stages of the language (Heian period and earlier).

revisionism

to wait eagerly or impatiently

good wine makes good blood; sake is the best of all medicines; drinking a moderate amount of alcohol is better than medicine

to make judgement based on the long run, rather than on the current state of affairs

it is best to submit to circumstances

I don't speak Japanese