to be born / to come into existence

(archaic) an old placename for the region that is now known as 大阪 (Ōsaka, “Osaka”) / a surname

Short for 難波区 (Nanba-ku): the Namba district in Osaka / a surname

(for a child to) be raised, grow up / (for vegetables etc.) to grow / nurture, train (professionals)

(chiefly women's speech) first person singular pronoun: I, me

(polite) first-person singular pronoun: I, me

a personal or private matter / (by extension) selfishness

(formal) first-person singular pronoun: I, me

personal, private / secret

a personal or private matter / selfishness / privacy, secrecy / (women's speech, obsolete) a brother-in-law