蟻の子: ant, particularly one without wings; an ant egg or larva

幕府: the seat of government for a military regime, shogunate

archi-, fundamental, primary, original

spring, source

Extended shinjitai form of 嘔: vomit

Shō (しょう）: A traditional Japanese unit of liquid volume equal to 1.804 liters. For convenience, a shō is said to be equivalent to a half gallon. To be more precise, 1 gallon (3.785 liters) = 2.098 shō.

荒井, 新井: a surname

鋭い: sharp, acute

(dialect, Tsugaru) a ruby (gemstone)

仏様: Buddha, deceased person