To perplex or puzzle. / To stun or amaze. / To fail to see the difference; to mix up; to confuse right and wrong. / (sometimes proscribed) To make something worse.

(statistics) A confounding variable.

simple past tense and past participle of confound

confused, astonished / defeated, thwarted / damned, accursed, bloody

present participle of confound

The act by which things are confounded, or confused. / (epidemiology) The process by which an apparent association between an exposure and an outcome is actually explained by another factor.

Third-person singular simple present indicative form of confound

plural of confound

A person who confounds / (mathematics) A factor, in data analysis, that causes the effects of two distinct processes to be indistinguishable; a confounding variable

plural of confounder