(grammar) adverb

a text written in Chinese / abbreviation of 中国文学 (chūgoku bungaku, “Chinese literature”)

to use / to employ / to make use of, to apply / to spend

どの様, 何の様: what kind, what sort, what type

殿: Mr., Ms., a more formal title than さん (-san) but not as respectful as 様(さま) (-sama)

どの様に: how (to what degree)

土嚢: sandbag

独活の木: Pisonia umbellifera

which (of three or more) / which one /

Mr., Ms., a more formal title than さん (-san) but not so respectful as 様(さま) (-sama)