(formal, literary) new, novel / fresh / renewed / 灼: efficacious

point of view (a visual point) / point of view (an opinion)

a well-informed opinion / an opinion

a well-informed opinion

to hear, to listen / to obey / to ask a question / to smell, sniff

he / distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and listener: that / boyfriend

distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and listener: that, yon / particularly, male personal third person pronoun: he / by extension from he: boyfriend

he; boyfriend

(chiefly women's speech) first person singular pronoun: I, me

get, acquire, gain, obtain, win, catch / be able to, can / (in the form ざるを得ない following the imperfective form of a verb) cannot help but doing, cannot but do