Kline: A surname from German, equivalent to English Small.

(mathematics) The closed manifold obtained by identifying the boundary components of the annulus so that the resultant surface is nonorientable.

plural of Klein bottle

plural of Klein paradox

(quantum mechanics) A surprising result of applying the Dirac equation to the problem of electron scattering from a potential barrier. In non-relativistic quantum mechanics, electron tunnelling into a barrier is observed, with exponential damping. However, if the potential is of the order of the electron mass, V∼mc², the barrier is nearly transparent; moreover, as the potential approaches infinity, the reflection diminishes and the electron is always transmitted.

plural of Klein quadric

(mathematics) The lines of a 3-dimensional projective space, S, can be viewed as points of a 5-dimensional projective space, T. In that 5-space, the points that represent each line in S lie on a hyperbolic quadric, Q, known as the Klein quadric.

(mathematics) A compact Riemann surface of genus 3 with the highest possible order automorphism group for this genus, namely order 168 orientation-preserving automorphisms, and 336 automorphisms if orientation may be reversed.

plural of Klein quartic

plural of Klein geometry